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TIME: Almanac 1995
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1994-09-09
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<text id=94TT1069>
<title>
Aug. 22, 1994: Medicine:Battle Fatigue
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Aug. 22, 1994 Stee-rike!
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 63
Battle Fatigue
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Scant hope emerges from this year's AIDS meeting
</p>
<p> The setting was new. Never before had the annual International
AIDS Conference, now convening for the 10th time, taken place
in Asia. And yet the 10,000 researchers and others gathered
in Yokohama, Japan, found it hard to shake a terrible sense
of deja vu. Once again, despite their efforts, the epidemic
is galloping ahead: from 14 million people infected worldwide
in 1993 to 17 million today. Once again, disappointing results
have led U.S. researchers to postpone large-scale trials of
experimental vaccines. Once again, a cure is nowhere in sight.
</p>
<p> Equally disturbing were reports that efforts to contain the
epidemic in Asia, a particular focus of last week's session,
were being crippled by shame and denial, the same forces that
hindered efforts in the U.S. and Europe 10 years ago. Experts
fear that overcrowding and other factors in Asia could make
the epidemic there even more devastating than it is in Africa.
</p>
<p> In paper after paper, scientists tried to chip away at the strange
workings of the AIDS virus. New research suggests that in the
early stages of infection, the immune system is not suppressed
but overactive, churning out white blood cells. The virus appears
to take advantage of this charged-up state by multiplying within
the abundant white cells. The implication is that doctors may
have to alternate between dampening and boosting the immune
system in order to fight AIDS.
</p>
<p> Some HIV carriers seem to do this naturally. Scientists are
studying a handful of people who are still healthy a decade
or more after first being infected with the virus. A possible
clue to their good fortune lies in the high levels of white
blood cells, called CD-8 cells, whose job is to turn down the
immune system before it careers out of control. Perhaps these
people possess just the right balance between an overly aggressive
immune system that produces more virus particles and a dangerously
passive one that cannot resist infections.
</p>
<p> For less fortunate AIDS patients, researchers are beginning
to explore the possibility of using gene therapy to fortify
white blood cells against the virus. One team of researchers
expects to test such a treatment for AIDS-infected babies in
the next year. But it could take years to determine if such
a strategy will work. Alas, by then, doctors will have many
new patients on whom to try it.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>